TL;DR: DepEd computes a grade in five steps: total the raw scores per component, convert each to a percentage score, multiply by the component weight, add the weighted scores to get the Initial Grade, then convert that through the transmutation table to get the Term Grade on the card. The governing issuance for school year 2026-2027 is DepEd Order No. 015, s. 2026, which repealed DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015. The component names, the weights and the conversion table all changed with it.
If you want to check the number on a report card, you need the method DepEd actually prescribes, not a formula copied off a template. This walks through it with a worked example you can pattern-match against your own class record.
One thing to settle first: the rules changed this school year. DepEd Order No. 015, s. 2026, signed 4 June 2026, repealed DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015 and took effect from school year 2026-2027 in public elementary and secondary schools. Guides describing Written Work, Performance Tasks and Quarterly Assessment are describing the repealed order. Our guide to the new grading order covers the reform as a whole.
What Goes Into a Grade, and What Does Not
Grades come only from summative assessment. The order names three components:
| Component | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Written or Oral Works (WWs) | Essays, journals, written reports, structured presentations and similar tasks that scaffold into performance tasks |
| Product or Performance Tasks (PTs) | Projects, portfolios, investigations, culminating presentations, anything applying knowledge in an authentic context |
| Examinations (EXs) | Two Summative Tests and one Term Examination per learning area, per term |
What does not go into the grade is just as important. Paragraph 15 states that formative assessment "shall be used to monitor learning progress but shall not be used for grade computation." Exit tickets, recitation checks, seatwork used diagnostically, practice quizzes: those inform teaching, not the number.
Homework sits in between. It supports practice and retrieval, and if a teacher uses it as summative evidence the order requires authenticity checks first, such as an in-class follow-up task, oral questioning or a demonstration.
The Weights, by Learning Area
Weights differ by subject group. These are the current tables.
Grades 4 to 10 (Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3):
| Learning area | WWs | PTs | EXs |
|---|---|---|---|
| English, Filipino, Mathematics, Science, Araling Panlipunan, GMRC / Values Education | 20% | 50% | 30% |
| EPP / TLE, and MAPEH | 20% | 60% | 20% |
Grades 11 to 12 (Key Stage 4):
| Subject group | WWs | PTs | EXs |
|---|---|---|---|
| SHS Core Subjects, other SHS Academic Electives | 20% | 50% | 30% |
| Field Exposure, Arts Apprenticeship, Creative Production and Innovation | 15% | 70% | 15% |
| Arts, Sports, and Health and Wellness Electives | 20% | 60% | 20% |
| Research Electives, and Design and Innovation | 40% | 60% | — |
| TechPro Electives | 15% | 65% | 20% |
| Work Immersion | 20% | 80% | — |
Two structural details inside those numbers:
- The Examinations component splits internally: 30% for the first Summative Test, 30% for the second, 40% for the Term Examination. You compute a composite first, then apply the subject's EXs weight to it.
- Some subjects have no Examinations component at all. Research Electives, Design and Innovation, and Work Immersion are graded on WWs and PTs only. For Work Immersion the 80% performance component corresponds to the industry evaluation or the grade given by the workplace supervisor.
Grade 12 is the exception this year. Paragraph 49 states that Grade 12, which has not yet moved to the Strengthened SHS Curriculum in school year 2026-2027, uses the component weights from DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015 together with the new adjusted transmutation table. Old weights, new table.
The Five Steps, Worked Through
The example below is illustrative. The scores are constructed to demonstrate the method, not taken from any real class record. The formulas, weights and conversion are the ones prescribed in DepEd Order No. 015, s. 2026.
Setup: Grade 8 Science, one term. Science in Key Stage 3 is weighted 20% WWs, 50% PTs, 30% EXs.
Step 1: Total the raw scores per component
| Component | Learner's total raw score | Highest possible score |
|---|---|---|
| WWs | 68 | 80 |
| PTs | 132 | 150 |
| ST1 | 18 | 25 |
| ST2 | 20 | 25 |
| Term Examination | 39 | 50 |
Step 2: Convert each total to a Percentage Score
Percentage Score = (raw score ÷ highest possible score) × 100
- WWs: (68 ÷ 80) × 100 = 85.00
- PTs: (132 ÷ 150) × 100 = 88.00
- ST1: (18 ÷ 25) × 100 = 72.00
- ST2: (20 ÷ 25) × 100 = 80.00
- TE: (39 ÷ 50) × 100 = 78.00
Step 3: Multiply by the component weights
The Examinations component is combined first, using its internal 30 / 30 / 40 split:
EXs composite = (72.00 × 0.30) + (80.00 × 0.30) + (78.00 × 0.40) = 21.60 + 24.00 + 31.20 = 76.80
Now apply the subject weights:
| Component | Percentage Score | Weight | Weighted Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWs | 85.00 | 20% | 17.00 |
| PTs | 88.00 | 50% | 44.00 |
| EXs | 76.80 | 30% | 23.04 |
Step 4: Add the weighted scores to get the Initial Grade
17.00 + 44.00 + 23.04 = Initial Grade of 84.04
Step 5: Apply the transmutation table
For school year 2026-2027, the adjusted table in Annex D of the order puts the band 82.98 to 84.15 at a transmuted grade of 86.
Term Grade: 86.
Notice how much work step 5 is doing. The learner's raw weighted performance is a little over 84; the reported number is 86. That gap is exactly what DepEd is phasing out. From school year 2027-2028, under zero-based grading, the Initial Grade is reported directly with no conversion, so the same performance would show as 84. Our transmuted grades guide carries the full adjusted table.
From Term Grade to Final Grade to General Average
| Level | How it is computed |
|---|---|
| Term Grade (TG) | The grade at the end of each term based on all summative results in that period, rounded to the nearest whole number |
| Final Grade (FG) | The average of the term grades in a learning area at the end of the school year, rounded to the nearest whole number |
| General Average (GA) | The average of the Final Grades in all learning areas taken during the school year, expressed as a whole number |
Carrying the example forward: if Science produces term grades of 86, 84 and 88, the Final Grade is (86 + 84 + 88) ÷ 3 = 86.
Three is not a typo. School year 2026-2027 runs on a three-term calendar rather than four quarters, so a final grade averages three numbers. Our school calendar guide has the term dates.
For Grades 11 and 12 the general average is different: the order says it shall be computed using the equivalent units of each subject, that is, unit-weighted rather than a straight average, with detailed specifications to follow in a separate issuance on the Strengthened SHS Curriculum. This is not the same as a college GWA, which is computed from a different scale entirely; see our GWA computation guide if that is what you are after.
What the Numbers Mean
Numerical grades come with qualitative descriptors under the current order:
| Grade | Descriptor | What it signals |
|---|---|---|
| 90-100 | Advancing (Namumukod-tangi) | Consistently meets or exceeds standards with independence and depth |
| 80-89 | Benchmarking (Napamamalas) | Demonstrates expected grade-level skills competently and independently |
| 75-79 | Connecting (Natutungo) | Sufficient understanding with occasional guidance and support |
| 65-74 | Developing (Napauunlad) | Partial understanding, requires targeted support and scaffolding |
| 0-64 | Emerging (Nagsisimula) | Does not yet demonstrate foundational skills, requires intensive support |
A Final Grade of 75 or higher means the learner met the minimum standards. Below 75 triggers remedial intervention or academic support rather than an automatic consequence.
Checking Your Own Numbers
You cannot audit a grade from the report card alone. SF9, the Learner's Progress Report or Performance Report, carries the output: term grades, final grades, descriptors. The inputs live in the class record.
If something looks wrong, ask for the specifics rather than the conclusion:
- The raw score and the highest possible score for each component. Both numbers, not just the percentage. A percentage with no denominator cannot be checked.
- Which learning-area weights were used. Science and MAPEH are weighted differently, and a Grade 12 subject uses a different set again.
- The Initial Grade before transmutation. This is the number that tells you where the learner actually is. Two learners on the same reported 75 can be a full four raw points apart.
- Whether formative work was counted. It should not be.
The order requires teachers to keep complete and accurate class records to support grading decisions, and to retain supporting documents including assessment tools, rubrics, raw scores and feedback records for at least one school year, or longer if needed for audit, validation or appeals. Those records are subject to validation by school heads and instructional supervisors. So the material to answer your question exists; you are asking for something the teacher is already required to have.
For the broader picture of how the system fits together, see our DepEd grading system guide.
Sources
- DepEd Order No. 015, s. 2026 — Revised Guidelines on Classroom Assessment, Grading System, and Awards and Recognition for the K to 12 Basic Education Program (official issuance page)
- DepEd Order No. 015, s. 2026 — full text PDF, including Annex D on computing grades
- DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015 — Policy Guidelines on Classroom Assessment (repealed by DO 015, s. 2026)
- SchoolFinderPH — Transmuted Grades: How DepEd Grade Transmutation Works
- SchoolFinderPH — DepEd Grading System Guide
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